While the FTC was relatively quiet in 2023 on the non-compete front, California forged ahead with two amendments to its non-compete statute (Business and Professions Code section 16600) that, depending on how courts interpret them, could be one of the most significant developments in the California employee-mobility space in the last 10 years. One of the amendments (SB 699) extends California’s non-compete ban to those signed by out-of-state employees under out-of-state law and creates a private right of action. The other (AB 1076) makes it “unlawful” to enter into a non-compete with an...

The California Supreme Court has issued its opinion in Estrada v. Royalty Carpet Mills, Inc. (S274340, Jan. 18, 2024), resolving a split of authority regarding whether claims brought under the Private Attorneys General Act (PAGA) may be stricken where there is no manageable way to try them. Unfortunately for California employers, the answer is no. This outcome is disappointing to those hoping that the Supreme Court might have done something more in Estrada to curb the abuse of PAGA, which too often becomes a vehicle through which overreaching, unmanageable claims are...

Each year seems to bring significant developments in whistleblower law, and 2023 has been no exception. As whistleblower activity increases, so, too, has the scope of its protections. From state to federal government, from the SEC to the U.S. Supreme Court, courts and regulators in the last 12 months or so largely have made it easier for employees to raise whistleblower claims while making it harder for employers to defend them. Below are some of the highlights, including two important decisions effectively expanding the scope of protections under California’s general whistleblower law...

On May 30, 2023, the National Labor Relations Board’s (the “NLRB’s”) General Counsel Jennifer Abruzzo (the “General Counsel”) issued Memo General Counsel 23-08 (the “Memo”), expansively finding that non‑competes with employees violate the National Labor Relations Act (the “Act”), except in limited circumstances. As...